--- title: "Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (GIROJ / 損害保険料率算出機構)" aliases: - "financial-regulators/hokenryo-sanshutsu-kiko" - "hokenryo-sanshutsu-kiko" - "GIROJ" - "Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan" - "損害保険料率算出機構" - "損保料率機構" - "Sonpo Ryoritsu Kiko" - "NLIRO" domain: financial-regulators created: 2026-05-24 last_updated: 2026-05-24 last_tended: 2026-05-24 review_by: 2026-11-20 confidence: likely tags: [JapanFG, industry-body, statutory-corporation, insurance, non-life, rating-organization, GIROJ, FSA, public-source] status: active sources: - "https://www.giroj.or.jp/" - "https://www.giroj.or.jp/english/" - "https://www.giroj.or.jp/about/" - "https://www.giroj.or.jp/member/" - "https://www.fsa.go.jp/menkyo/menkyo.html?guid=ON" - "https://www.fsa.go.jp/common/law/guide/ins/" - "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/323AC0000000193" --- # Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (GIROJ / 損害保険料率算出機構) ## TL;DR GIROJ (損害保険料率算出機構) is the statutory premium-rating body for Japan's non-life insurance industry. It is established and authorized under the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations (損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律, 1948) and operates two functionally distinct regimes — **reference loss-cost** (参考純率) for auto and fire insurance, which member insurers may use as a benchmark when filing their own premium scales, and **standard premium rates** (基準料率) for compulsory automobile-liability insurance (CALI / 自賠責) and earthquake insurance, which all participating insurers must use. GIROJ is therefore not an industry body in the [[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|GIAJ]] sense — it is a statutory authority with binding rate-calculation powers in specified lines. ## Wiki route This entry sits under [[financial-regulators/INDEX|financial-regulators INDEX]]. Read it with the non-life industry-body [[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|General Insurance Association of Japan]], the life-side peer [[financial-regulators/seiho-kyokai|Life Insurance Association of Japan]], and the statutory policyholder-protection counterpart [[financial-regulators/sonpo-hosho-kiko|Non-Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan]]. Statutory backdrop sits at [[financial-licenses/INDEX]] and [[financial-licenses/insurance-license-and-solvency|insurance license and solvency route]]; the wider operator universe is in [[insurance/INDEX]]. ## Legal route / statutory position (法令の根拠) GIROJ is established under the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations (損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律, Act No. 193 of 1948).[^riting-act] The Act gives FSA-authorized rating organizations the power to calculate reference loss-costs and standard premium rates for specified non-life insurance lines, with the calculation methodology, data sources, and rate filings subject to FSA review per the insurance supervision guideline.[^fsa-ins] FSA's list of authorized juridical persons in the insurance lane recognises GIROJ as the rating organization.[^fsa-licensed] GIROJ was formed in 2002 by merger of the predecessor non-life rating organization and the automobile rating organization, consolidating fire / casualty rating and auto rating into a single body. This puts it structurally on the statutory-authority side (alongside [[financial-regulators/yokin-hoken-kiko|DICJ]] and the protection corporations) rather than the industry-association side ([[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|GIAJ]]). ## Function / scope GIROJ's published outline organises its work as:[^giroj-about] 1. **Reference loss-cost calculation** (参考純率) — calculation of expected loss-cost per unit of exposure for **voluntary automobile** insurance and **fire** insurance, based on pooled industry data. Member insurers may use these reference loss-costs as a benchmark when filing their own premium scales with the FSA, adding their own expense load and profit margin; they are not obligated to follow GIROJ's reference values. 2. **Standard premium rate calculation** (基準料率) — calculation of binding standard premium rates for **compulsory automobile-liability insurance** (自動車損害賠償責任保険 / CALI / 自賠責保険) and **earthquake insurance** (地震保険). For CALI, all licensed underwriters must use the standard rate per the Automobile Liability Security Act; for earthquake insurance, GIROJ rates feed into the government-backed earthquake reinsurance scheme. 3. **Loss-data collection and statistics** — operation of the central industry database for claims data across the rated lines, with statistical and actuarial analysis published in periodic rate-revision reports. 4. **Damage assessment / catastrophe response** — operation of damage assessment infrastructure for earthquake claims (which require coordinated industry-wide damage-survey logistics post-event). 5. **Research and policy input** — actuarial research on natural-disaster loss modelling (earthquake, typhoon, flood), motor accident frequency / severity trends, and feedback into FSA policy on premium-rating regulation. ## Membership / governance Membership consists of non-life insurers licensed to underwrite in the rated lines.[^giroj-members] In practice this includes essentially all Japanese non-life insurers documented in this vault — [[non-life-insurers/tokio-marine-nichido-fire|Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire]] (where the page exists), [[non-life-insurers/sompo-japan-insurance|Sompo Japan Insurance]], [[non-life-insurers/aioi-nissay-dowa-insurance|Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance]], [[non-life-insurers/sony-insurance|Sony Insurance]], [[non-life-insurers/au-insurance|au Insurance]], [[non-life-insurers/sbi-insurance|SBI Insurance]], [[non-life-insurers/sompo-direct|Sompo Direct]], [[non-life-insurers/anicom-insurance|Anicom Insurance]] (for pet-insurance subset), [[non-life-insurers/sakura-insurance|Sakura Insurance]], plus foreign-affiliated non-life insurers operating in the auto / fire / earthquake lines. Governance follows the Act: a Board chaired by a non-executive figure, an actuarial committee, and operational departments specialised by line (auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, earthquake). FSA supervisory review is built into every rate-revision cycle. ## Related industry adjacency In the non-life insurance stack, GIROJ is the statutory rating body — different from but complementary to [[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|GIAJ]] (industry-association layer) and [[financial-regulators/sonpo-hosho-kiko|Non-Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan]] (statutory policyholder-protection backstop). The life-side counterparts are [[financial-regulators/seiho-kyokai|LIAJ]] (industry association) and [[financial-regulators/seimei-hokensha-hogo-kiko|Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan]] (statutory backstop); there is no direct life-side equivalent to GIROJ because life-insurance pricing follows actuarial-mortality methodology under a different statutory route. The bank-side statutory mutual backstop is [[financial-regulators/yokin-hoken-kiko|DICJ]]. For the rest of the industry-body / statutory-body stack see [[financial-regulators/zenginkyo|JBA]], [[financial-regulators/zenchugin-kyo|Regional Banks Association of Japan]], [[financial-regulators/dai2-chigin-kyo|Second Association of Regional Banks]], [[financial-regulators/zenshin-kyo|Zenshin-kyō]], [[financial-regulators/shintaku-kyokai|Trust Companies Association of Japan]], and [[financial-regulators/jsda|JSDA]]. ## Why this page matters GIROJ is the single most consequential body to anchor for understanding how Japan's auto-insurance premium scales, fire-insurance scales, CALI rates, and earthquake-insurance rates actually move. JapanFG entries that mention "GIROJ reference loss-cost revision" or "compulsory auto-insurance rate update" without a route anchor leave the source unclear. This page pins: - **The two regimes**: reference loss-cost (benchmark, not binding) vs standard premium rates (binding for CALI and earthquake) — a frequently conflated distinction. - **The statutory vs industry-body distinction**: GIROJ has rate-calculation authority under statutory delegation; [[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|GIAJ]] does not. - **The line-by-line scope**: GIROJ covers auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, and earthquake — not the full non-life book. Marine, casualty, liability, and most specialty lines are priced bilaterally by individual insurers and reinsurers without GIROJ reference rates. - **The data-pool source**: reference loss-cost relies on pooled industry data — which is why all licensed non-life insurers participate, even those that file their own custom scales. ## Related - [[financial-regulators/INDEX|financial-regulators INDEX]] - [[financial-regulators/sonpo-kyokai|General Insurance Association of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/seiho-kyokai|Life Insurance Association of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/sonpo-hosho-kiko|Non-Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/seimei-hokensha-hogo-kiko|Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/yokin-hoken-kiko|Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/jsda|JSDA]] - [[financial-regulators/zenginkyo|Japanese Bankers Association]] - [[financial-regulators/shintaku-kyokai|Trust Companies Association of Japan]] - [[financial-regulators/fsa|FSA]] - [[financial-licenses/INDEX]] - [[financial-licenses/insurance-license-and-solvency|insurance license and solvency route]] - [[non-life-insurers/sompo-japan-insurance|Sompo Japan Insurance]] - [[non-life-insurers/aioi-nissay-dowa-insurance|Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance]] - [[non-life-insurers/sony-insurance|Sony Insurance]] - [[insurance/INDEX]] ## Sources [^giroj-about]: 損害保険料率算出機構「機構について」, https://www.giroj.or.jp/about/ [^giroj-members]: 損害保険料率算出機構「会員一覧」, https://www.giroj.or.jp/member/ [^riting-act]: 損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律 (Act No. 193 of 1948), https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/323AC0000000193 [^fsa-ins]: FSA, "保険会社向けの総合的な監督指針", https://www.fsa.go.jp/common/law/guide/ins/ [^fsa-licensed]: FSA, "免許・許可・登録等を受けている事業者一覧", https://www.fsa.go.jp/menkyo/menkyo.html?guid=ON --- > [!info] Confidence note > confidence: **likely**. Two-regime distinction (reference loss-cost vs standard premium rates), line-by-line scope (auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, earthquake), and statutory route via the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations sourced from GIROJ's own about and member pages plus FSA insurance supervision guideline as checked 2026-05-24. Specific rate-revision figures drift with each revision cycle and should be re-verified from GIROJ's latest rate-revision filings before quoting.