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  "raw_markdown_url": "https://finwiki.zksc.io/fintech/nigeria-enaira-retail-cbdc.md",
  "domain": "fintech",
  "title": "Nigeria eNaira — retail CBDC design and first-year adoption evidence",
  "entry_type": "wiki_entry",
  "frontmatter": {
    "title": "Nigeria eNaira — retail CBDC design and first-year adoption evidence",
    "aliases": [
      "nigeria-enaira-retail-cbdc",
      "eNaira",
      "eNaira CBDC",
      "CBN eNaira",
      "Nigeria retail CBDC",
      "eNaira adoption"
    ],
    "domain": "fintech",
    "type": null,
    "created": "2026-05-25",
    "last_updated": "2026-07-30",
    "last_tended": "2026-07-30",
    "review_by": "2026-11-25",
    "confidence": "likely",
    "tags": [
      "fintech",
      "cbdc",
      "retail-cbdc",
      "nigeria",
      "enaira",
      "cbn",
      "africa",
      "adoption",
      "financial-inclusion"
    ],
    "status": "active",
    "canonical_anchor": null,
    "related": [],
    "note": null,
    "sources": [
      "https://enaira.gov.ng/design-paper/",
      "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/05/16/nigerias-enaira-one-year-after-533487",
      "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2023/english/wpiea2023104-print-pdf.pdf",
      "https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/06/16/stablecoins-in-nigeria"
    ]
  },
  "summary": "The Central Bank of Nigeria launched eNaira in October 2021 as Africa's first retail CBDC. The official design is account-based, two-tier and non-interest-bearing, with Hyperledger Fabric underneath. The strongest comparable adoption evidence remains the IMF's first-year study: about 860,000 retail",
  "headings": [
    "Nigeria eNaira — retail CBDC design and first-year adoption evidence",
    "TL;DR",
    "Wiki route",
    "Programme and architecture",
    "Wallet tiers and published limits",
    "First-year adoption evidence",
    "Distribution and network effects",
    "eNaira and private stablecoin flows",
    "Comparison guardrails",
    "Reading rules"
  ],
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      "fintech/bahamas-sand-dollar-cbdc",
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      "fintech/cbdc-multi-tier-architecture-overview",
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      "https://finwiki.zksc.io/ja/fintech/cbdc-adoption-curve-china-japan-eu-india-2026/",
      "https://finwiki.zksc.io/ja/fintech/cbdc-multi-tier-architecture-overview/",
      "https://finwiki.zksc.io/ja/fintech/em-market-crypto-dollarization-pattern/"
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    "external_links_count": 4,
    "external_links": [
      "https://enaira.gov.ng/design-paper/",
      "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2023/english/wpiea2023104-print-pdf.pdf",
      "https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/06/16/stablecoins-in-nigeria",
      "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/05/16/nigerias-enaira-one-year-after-533487"
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    "last_modified": "2026-07-30"
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