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  "domain": "fintech",
  "title": "Global retail CBDC programme matrix — Africa, Caribbean, Asia, UK",
  "entry_type": "wiki_entry",
  "frontmatter": {
    "title": "Global retail CBDC programme matrix — Africa, Caribbean, Asia, UK",
    "aliases": [
      "global-cbdc-retail-pilot-matrix-africa-caribbean",
      "retail CBDC comparison matrix",
      "small-economy CBDC matrix",
      "eNaira vs Sand Dollar vs JAM-DEX",
      "retail CBDC seven-pole comparison"
    ],
    "domain": "fintech",
    "type": null,
    "created": "2026-05-25",
    "last_updated": "2026-07-30",
    "last_tended": "2026-07-30",
    "review_by": "2026-10-30",
    "confidence": "confirmed",
    "tags": [
      "fintech",
      "cbdc",
      "retail-cbdc",
      "matrix",
      "comparison",
      "africa",
      "caribbean",
      "asia",
      "uk",
      "enaira",
      "sand-dollar",
      "jam-dex",
      "dcash",
      "e-cny",
      "bakong",
      "digital-pound"
    ],
    "status": "active",
    "canonical_anchor": null,
    "related": [],
    "note": null,
    "sources": [
      "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2021/CCD/eNaira%20Design%20Paper.pdf",
      "https://www.centralbankbahamas.com/news/public-notices/the-sand-dollar-is-on-schedule-for-gradual-national-release-to-the-bahamas-in-mid-october-2020",
      "https://cdn.centralbankbahamas.com/documents/2021-02-15-11-24-12-Central-Bank-Electronic-Bahamian-Dollars-Regulations-2021.pdf",
      "https://boj.org.jm/jam-dex-phased-rollout-progresses/",
      "https://cdn.eccb-centralbank.org/documents/2024-07-03-12-52-21-2023-2024-Annual-Report.pdf",
      "https://www.pbc.gov.cn/xindaishichangsi/5443861/5443865/5443892/5957f8d15a824e9e88d01710873482d3/2025110711361912922.pdf",
      "https://www.nbc.gov.kh/download_files/publication/annual_rep_eng/AR_ENG_as_of_16.07.25_Clean.pdf",
      "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/the-digital-pound/progress-update-digital-pound-design-phase"
    ]
  },
  "summary": "This entry sits under fintech index and provides a dated comparison of seven often-grouped public-money or public-payment projects. Read it with eNaira, Sand Dollar, JAM-DEX, digital pound, and e-CNY. For wholesale projects, see mBridge and Project Agorá.",
  "headings": [
    "Global retail CBDC programme matrix — Africa, Caribbean, Asia, UK",
    "Wiki route",
    "Comparison method",
    "Matrix A · Programme status",
    "Matrix B · Legal and monetary character",
    "Matrix C · Issuance and distribution",
    "Matrix D · Identity and holding limits",
    "Matrix E · Adoption evidence",
    "Matrix F · Technology and vendor evidence",
    "Cross-border boundary"
  ],
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      "fintech/mbridge-bis-multi-cbdc-overview",
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